Telecommucation Network

A communications network is a network of telecommunication links and nodes arranged so that messages can be passed from one part of the network to another on multiple links and through various knots.

Red links telecommunications (including its endpoints or "nodes"), in turn, can be built outside the transmission systems hierarchical.

Examples of communications networks are as follows:

* Computer Network
* Internet-The Internet is a global network of "network of networks". The Internet is connected via an Internet service provider (ISP), then becomes part of a network. This network is connected to a larger corporate network that interconnects with other similar networks throughout Network Access Point (NAP). [1] [2]
* The public switched telephone network
* The global network Telex
* Air, the network ACARS

What Is Topology

1. It refers to the way a network is laid out
physically or logically
2. Describes how the devices in the network
are interconnected
3. Five basic topologies.> Mesh,Star,Tree,
Bus, & Ring
4. Peer to peer & primary -secondary

Line Configuration

It is the way two or more communication devices attach to a link.
A Link is the physical communication pathway that transfer data from one device to another.
Point to Point
Provide dedicated link between two devices
use actual length of wire or cable to connect the two end
including microwave & satellite link.
Infrared remote control & tvs remote control

Multipoint.
Also known as Multidrop line
configuration
one or more than two specific
devices share a single link
capacity of the channel is
shared

De Facto Standard

More Examples
Xmodem Communications Protocol
Hewlett-Packard Printer Control Language (PCL) for laser printers
PostScript page description language for laser printers

De Jure
- Proprietery
standard that originally invented by a commercial organization as a basic
for an operation of its product.
De Jure
- Non Proprietery
developed by a group of committee that have been into public domain

What is Standard?

Standards
Standards are extremely important in the computer industry because they allow the combination of products from different
manufacturers to create a customized system. Without standards, only hardware and software from the same company could be used together.
In addition, standard user interfaces can make it much easier to learn how to use
new applications.

What is Protocol

PROTOCOLS  The transfer of data is entirely dependent upon PROTOCOLS. A protocol is a set of rules that determines, at each instance in time, what is legal and illegal, and the meaning of any legal data.

Semantic And Syntax

A protocol defines what is communicated, when it is communicated
Protocol elements
- Syntax
structure or format of data,meaning the order in which they are presented
-Semantic
meaning of each section of bits how is a particular pattern to be interpreted & what action is to be taken based on the interpretation
-Timings
when data should be sent & how fast it can be sent